2000;2:100-6.Kastrup EK et al., eds. Use of nicotine gum has been shown to have no effect on theophylline clearance.Fever, regardless of its underlying cause, can decrease the clearance of theophylline.
Krzanowski JJ, Polson JB.
Surgical Recall. Since theophylline clearance is independent of liver blood flow, the reduction in clearance appears to be due to impaired hepatocyte function rather than reduced perfusion. Pretreatment with aminophylline prevented the increase in lung leak index for 125I-albumin (0.28 +/- 0.03 after phosgene vs. 0.06 +/- 0.02 in aminophylline-treated lungs, P less than 0.01). It is therefore suggested that the risk of teratogenic and fetal toxicity caused by theophylline is dependent on its dosage.
Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2012 p. 3605-11Get the latest public health information from CDC: Both in situ and in vivo models were used to assess the efficacy of postexposure treatment of phosgene-induced lung injury using clinically existing drugs. Concomitant use may result in a significant increase in theophylline concentrations due to reduced aminophylline clearance. Other factors associated with increased theophylline clearance include hyperthyroidism and cystic fibrosis.The clearance of theophylline is decreased by an average of 30% in healthy elderly adults (>60 yrs.) In turn, the study of phosgene-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome has provided insights leading to revised treatment strategies for exposure victims. Despite intensive effort, much remains to be understood regarding pathological events linking Inhalation exposures to delayed pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, and ultimately death. JAMA.
Drug Information 2012. The authors subsequently found that inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a phosphatase that limits AKT1 activity, enhances epithelial repair in vitro and protect against CIALI in vivo. Careful attention to dosage selection and monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations are required in children.Other factors associated with decreased theophylline clearance include the third trimester of pregnancy, sepsis with multiple organ failure, and hypothyroidism. We identified a new group of drugs that we found to effectively diminish injury by chlorine gas and skin blistering agents. Drug Facts and Comparisons St Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2012 p.1111-2Kennedy TP, Michael JR, Hoidal JR, Hasty D, Sciuto AM, Hopkins C, Lazar R, Bysani GK, Tolley E, Gurtner GH.
Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2012 p. 3605-11Functional genomics of chemical-induced acute lung injuryChemical-induced acute lung injury (CIALI) can result from numerous chemical threats that avail themselves to terrorist attacks.
Measurement of plasma-theophylline concentration may be helpful and is essential if a loading dose of intravenous aminophylline is to be given to patients who are already taking theophylline, because serious side-effects such as convulsions and arrhythmias can occasionally precede other symptoms of toxicity.
Mechanism of action. In summary, the investigators hypothesize that TRP channels are major targets of chemical warfare agents, mediating local and systemic injury and inflammation through neuronal and local cellular signaling. Aminophylline is monitored therapeutically in terms of plasma-theophylline concentrations. In the 15/7.5 mg IBU group, lung WW/DW ratios were significantly lower than in saline-treated mice at 12 h. Lipid peroxidation was lower only for the 9/4.5 mg IBU dose; however, nonprotein sulfhydryls (a measure of GSH) were greater across all IBU doses. This case report involves a C5-C6 chronic tetraplegic patient with acute respiratory failure and ventilator dependence. A meta-analysis.
For in vivo male mouse (CD-1, 25-30 g) studies IBU was administered ip within 20 min after a lethal dose of phosgene (32 mg/m(3) for 20 min) at 0 (saline), 3, 9, or 15 mg/mouse. Peak serum concentrations can be estimated by obtaining blood samples 30 minutes after administration of an IV loading dose, 1-2 hours after administration of an oral solution or uncoated tablet, or 3-12 (usually 3-8) hours (depending on the specific formulation) after administration of an extended-release preparation. In this proposal we aim to 1: Develop advanced intramuscular formulations of TRPA1 antagonists for immediate and sustained release to counteract chlorine and vesicant injury, 2: Examine the role of pulmonary and cutaneous TRP ion channels in chemical injury, and 3: Investigate the effects of a p38 kinase antagonist in pulmonary and cutaneous chemical injury. For dosage adjustments based on serum theophylline concentrations determined in such circumstances, it is important that dosage in the previous 48 hours be reasonably typical of the prescribed regimen and that the patient not have missed a dose nor taken an additional dose in this time period.
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