The currently recommended dose is 250 mg BID for kittens and 500 mg BID for adults. Quaternary ammonium products are not effective against FCV. Damage to respiratory tract epithelium and the nasal turbinates may lead to chronic rhinitis/sinusitis. General spread to pets in the surrounding communities has not been reported, possibly because the strains are so pathogenic that they burn out quickly or the virus loses virulence over time.
(2008). (2005). FCV is relatively resistant in the environment, with persistence reported up to 4 weeks.
Aerosol transmission is less important, as sneezed macrodroplets do not travel far (less than 4 feet). Reactivation of shedding commonly occurs after a stressor (e.g., crowding, travel, antagonistic social interactions, pregnancy and parturition) or corticosteroid administration, with or without concurrent clinical signs. FHV isolates worldwide belong to a single serotype.
Cats with uncomplicated upper respiratory disease, pneumonia, or oral ulcers may recover in days or weeks, while those with severe systemic disease have a much less favorable prognosis. Andrew, S. (2001).
Bovine lactoferrin has been shown to inhibit FHV replication Interferons have diverse immunological and antiviral functions. Clinical signs include fever, edema (especially of the face, ears, limbs), rhinitis, oral and dermal ulceration, pneumonia, pleural/abdominal/pericardial effusion, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and sudden death.
As for FCV, treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Serology is not recommended for diagnosis of FHV or FCV as titers induced by vaccination confound interpretation.
It has been reported almost exclusively in group-housed cats, especially cats originating from shelters or rescue groups.
(2008).
(2005). Epub 2014 May 6.Schulz C, Hartmann K, Mueller RS, Helps C, Schulz BS.J Feline Med Surg. Re-infection after recovery is possible.
Am J Vet Res 66(2): 210-216. Famciclovir, the prodrug for penciclovir, has been recommended for patients with severe clinical signs (31.25 mg, BID, PO, 7-10 days). As an enveloped virus, FHV is very fragile in the environment, surviving only about 18 hours under moist conditions. Smith, A. W., P. L. Iversen, et al. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Name must be less than 100 characters
Oral administration of large doses of lysine to cats appears to be safe and can reduce the severity of conjunctivitis in primary FHV infections as well as reduce ocular viral shedding. New York. However, it is virtually impossible to distinguish the pathogens on clinical signs alone, and mixed infections are not uncommon. 2008), are promising and are under investigation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of famciclovir administration in cats with spontaneously acquired acute upper respiratory tract disease.
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FHV shedding starts 4-11 days after the stressor, and lasts up to 2 weeks.
FCV isolates are numerous and belong to a single serotype, but there is considerable genetic variation among strains. When virus is shed again, some cats will also develop mild recrudescence of clinical signs.
These viral strains cause isolated, rare outbreaks of severe systemic disease with up to 60% or higher mortality, although some infected cats may have mild clinical signs or no signs at all. Oral antiviral drugs are often associated with unacceptable adverse effects in cats.
Pesavento, P. A., N. J. MacLachlan, et al.
Controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of interferons in cats with recrudescent infections. RNA viruses have a plastic genome due to their error-prone replication.
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