Twenty-nine duplicates were identified.
CDC twenty four seven. Persons who test anti-HCV positive are either currently infected or had past infection that has resolved naturally or with treatment. Persons testing anti-HCV positive should have follow-up testing with an FDA-approved nucleic acid test (NAT) for detection of HCV RNA.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Six clinicians with expertise in hepatology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, infectious diseases and/or obstetrics and gynecology provided structured peer reviews. For papers in which the title indicated the study was irrelevant to the research question, abstracts were not reviewed.Titles/abstracts for the all-adult review were independently reviewed by two reviewers, one of whom was always a senior abstractor (and author LW or SS). If a conflict arose from a study whose title/abstract was reviewed only by both LW and SS, that study was retrieved for the full text review. You were born between 1945-1965. Studies that either abstractor deemed as potentially relevant were retrieved for full text review.
All full texts were screened by both senior abstractors. All full texts were screened by both MO and LW. Persons with hepatitis C also should be informed about the resources available to them within their communities, including providers of medical evaluation, harm reduction, and social support.At the time when positive test results are communicated to patients, health care providers should evaluate the patient’s level of alcohol and drug use and provide a brief alcohol or drug use intervention, if clinically indicated (Universal hepatitis C screening was compared with risk-based screening for adults and pregnant women. Information from the full texts was extracted for the evidence review.Studies were excluded if they were conducted in a correctional facility because separate CDC guidance for hepatitis C screening in correctional facilities is under development. In addition, studies performed in high-burden areas might not be representative of the general populations and could impact external validity of the systematic review. If DAA treatment becomes available for use during pregnancy, testing at an early prenatal visit would allow for identification of women who could benefit from treatment. What is the effect of DAA treatment on HCV viral load?K.Q.3.b. The 2013–2016 surveys indicate only approximately 56% of persons with HCV infection reported having ever been told they had hepatitis C (The treatment for HCV infection has evolved substantially since the introduction of DAA agents in 2011. Therefore, the prevalence threshold of 0.1% should be determined on the basis of estimates of chronic hepatitis C prevalence, regardless of whether hepatitis C has been diagnosed previously.The following recommendations for hepatitis C screening augment those issued by CDC in 2012 (Universal hepatitis C screening (new recommendations):Hepatitis C screening at least once in a lifetime for all adults aged ≥18 years, except in settings where the prevalence of HCV infection (HCV RNA-positivity) is <0.1%Hepatitis C screening for all pregnant women during each pregnancy, except in settings where the prevalence of HCV infection (HCV RNA-positivity) is <0.1%One-time hepatitis C testing regardless of age or setting prevalence among persons with recognized conditions or exposures (existing recommendations):Persons who ever injected drugs and shared needles, syringes, or other drug preparation equipment, including those who injected once or a few times many years agoPersons with selected medical conditions, including persons who ever received maintenance hemodialysis and persons with persistently abnormal ALT levelsPrior recipients of transfusions or organ transplants, including persons who received clotting factor concentrates produced before 1987, persons who received a transfusion of blood or blood components before July 1992, persons who received an organ transplant before July 1992, and persons who were notified that they received blood from a donor who later tested positive for HCV infectionHealth care, emergency medical, and public safety personnel after needle sticks, sharps, or mucosal exposures to HCV-positive bloodRoutine periodic testing for persons with ongoing risk factors, while risk factors persist:Persons who inject drugs and share needles, syringes, or other drug preparation equipmentPersons with selected medical conditions, including persons who ever received maintenance hemodialysisAny person who requests hepatitis C testing should receive it, regardless of disclosure of risk, because many persons might be reluctant to disclose stigmatizing risksIn the absence of existing data for hepatitis C prevalence, health care providers should initiate universal hepatitis C screening until they establish that the prevalence of HCV RNA positivity in their population is <0.1%, at which point universal screening is no longer explicitly recommended but might occur at the provider’s discretion.
In general, cost analyses determined that for all adults, ICER would be approximately $50,000 per QALY gained or less at current treatment costs (approximately $25,000 per course of treatment) at an anti-HCV positivity prevalence of 0.07% in the nonbirth cohort, which is similar to the HCV RNA prevalence in all adults.
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