Unlike other forms of nausea, which tend to be mediated by dopamine and serotonin, vestibular system–induced nausea is mediated primarily by histamine and acetylcholine Migraine headaches frequently are associated with nausea. In: Goodman LS, Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG. Recanatini M, Tramer MR. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.
0000057287 00000 n Kozinetz CA, Complementary and alternative therapies, such as ginger, acupressure, and vitamin BNausea and vomiting are common complications of multiple conditions, procedures, and therapies, and adversely affect quality of life in millions of patients each year. 0000001544 00000 n When the exact cause is not known or cannot be corrected, symptoms still can be treated.Three primary pathophysiologic pathways are involved in the stimulation of the physiologic vomiting center in the medulla that directly mediates nausea and vomiting.Antihistamines inhibit the action of histamine at the HAntihistamines such as meclizine (Antivert) are associated with minor side effects involving the central nervous system, such as confusion, sedation, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, incoordination, fatigue, and tremors.Antihistamine and anticholinergic drugs are relatively inexpensive.
Martin RW, 0000043060 00000 n <<754DF262031A0148B00EF4F4CF808B5A>]/Prev 161948/XRefStm 1544>> \T����1�f� �?) Pyridoxine (vitamin BIntestinal irritation is a frequent cause of nausea. The efficacy of methylprednisolone in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Henzi I, 0000087270 00000 n A small RCTSedation, urinary retention, blurred vision, exacerbation of narrow-angle glaucomaSedation, extrapyramidal effects, QT prolongation, severe hypotension; rarely, seizures, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, blood dyscrasiasQT prolongation, QRS widening; rarely, hypersensitivity reactionsSedation, urinary retention, blurred vision, exacerbation of narrow-angle glaucomaSedation, extrapyramidal effects, QT prolongation, severe hypotension; rarely, seizures, agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, blood dyscrasiasQT prolongation, QRS widening; rarely, hypersensitivity reactionsBetween 70 and 85 percent of women have nausea during pregnancy, and an estimated 0.5 percent develop hyperemesis gravidarum.For headache and nausea: metoclopramide (Reglan) or prochlorperazine (Compazine)For nausea: oral antiemetics, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, serotonin antagonistsAntihistamines and anticholinergics (equally effective)For hyperemesis gravidarum: promethazine (Phenergan, first-line agent); serotonin antagonists and corticosteroids (second-line agents)Prevention: serotonin antagonists, droperidol (Inapsine), dexamethasoneTreatment: dopamine antagonists, serotonin antagonists, dexamethasoneFor headache and nausea: metoclopramide (Reglan) or prochlorperazine (Compazine)For nausea: oral antiemetics, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, serotonin antagonistsAntihistamines and anticholinergics (equally effective)For hyperemesis gravidarum: promethazine (Phenergan, first-line agent); serotonin antagonists and corticosteroids (second-line agents)Prevention: serotonin antagonists, droperidol (Inapsine), dexamethasoneTreatment: dopamine antagonists, serotonin antagonists, dexamethasoneA recent Cochrane review found that anti-emetics generally are effective in treating pregnancy-induced nausea, but that little information exists about fetal outcomes.Complementary and alternative therapies have become popular in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea. Matchar DB, Young WB, Rosenberg JH, Pietrzak MP, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, et al.
Watcha MF. Low effectiveness as an antiemetic.
Goodwin TM. Accessed December 12, 2003, at: Jewell D, Antiemetic • metoclopramide (Reglan®, Metozolv®) Can cause extrapyramidal adverse effects. Ramsook C,
Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. An understanding of the pathophysiology of nausea and the mechanisms of antiemetics can help family physicians improve the cost-effectiveness and … Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. 42d ed.
0000043173 00000 n
0000074965 00000 n 1012 0 obj <> endobj Antihistamines and anticholinergic agents are most effective in patients with nausea resulting from vestibular and central nervous system causes. 0000001223 00000 n
Efficacy, dose-response, and adverse effects of droperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
0000069942 00000 n 0000093286 00000 n Morrison JC. Tramer MR. Pregnancy-induced nausea alone has been estimated to cause 8.5 million lost working days annually.Treatment of nausea and vomiting ideally involves correcting the underlying cause.
Reeves JJ, Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Walder B,
0
Jagger C. Treatment is directed at these pathways.
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