In the absence of zidovudine prophylaxis, the rate of HIV transmission was 26.6 percent (21.1 to 32.7 percent).These results confirm the efficacy of zidovudine prophylaxis and suggest that there are reductions in the rates of perinatal transmission of HIV even with the use of abbreviated regimens that are begun intra partum or in the first 48 hours of life. These efforts should be supplemented to ensure that women who do not receive zidovudine during pregnancy are identified so that they can receive antiretroviral prophylaxis during delivery and their infants can begin receiving zidovudine soon after birth.Presented in preliminary form at the Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, February 2–6, 1998.We are indebted to Dale L. Morse, M.D., M.S., and Lynne M. Mofenson, M.D., for reviewing the manuscript; to Mary Ellen Mancinelli for assistance with the preparation of the manuscript; and to the staff members of the 40 hospitals listed in the Appendix who provided data for this study.From the AIDS Institute (N.A.W., G.S.B., B.L.W., P.T.F., L.W., J.B.B., J.M.T., R.S. A similar reduction in risk was seen with the initiation of zidovudine prophylaxis in the prenatal period (entire cohort, 0.23; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.34; and validation sample, 0.16; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.27).We used multivariate logistic-regression analysis (The Protocol 076 study reported a 67.5 percent reduction in the relative risk of perinatal HIV transmission (from 25.5 percent to 8.3 percent) among newborns who were treated with zidovudine before, during, and after birth.We also found that the partial use of the Protocol 076 regimen was associated with reduced rates of perinatal HIV transmission. 60–80 mg/m 2 every 6 hours usually for not more than 2 weeks, dose approximating to 9–12 mg/kg twice daily by mouth.. For Child 12–17 years. Taylor & Francis You are viewing BNF for Children.
HIV-positive women who know their infection status may decline or be unable to take zidovudine, or the regimen may not have been offered by the health care provider during all periods.Recent data from a trial in Thailand have shown that an abbreviated regimen of oral zidovudine beginning at 36 weeks of gestation and continuing until delivery, with no neonatal component, can reduce the risk of transmission by approximately 50 percent.New York State has the highest HIV seroprevalence rate among childbearing women in the United States (0.41 percent), with 995 HIV-positive women giving birth in 1997 (unpublished data). Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT, ZDV) Last Updated: December 24, 2019; Last Reviewed: December 24, 2019. By intravenous infusion.
Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. 412, Albany, NY 12237.The following persons and facilities in New York participated in the study: Beth Israel Medical Center (D. Ranieri), Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center (M. Crane), Brookdale Hospital Medical Center (S. Naqvi), Brooklyn Hospital Center (B. Doraiswamy), Catholic Medical Center of Brooklyn and Queens (M. Srivastava), Children's Hospital of Buffalo (B. Sullivan), Children's Medical Center–State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn (N. Desai), Children's Hospital at Albany Medical Center (M. Lepow), Children's Hospital at University of Rochester (B. Murante), Coney Island Hospital (J. Watman), Cornell University Medical Center (J. Cervia), Elmhurst Hospital Center (R. Moran), Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center (P. Mehta), Harlem Hospital Center (E. Abrams), Interfaith Medical Center (S. Choudhury), Jacobi Medical Center (M. Lugovoy), Jones Memorial Hospital (F. Miller), Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center (S. Rao), Long Island College Hospital (B. Jackson), Lutheran Medical Center (L. Thompson), Maimonides Medical Center (A. Hakim), Mount Sinai Medical Center (D. Hodes), Mount Vernon Hospital (L. Semel), Nassau County Medical Center (H. Balbi), New York Medical College–Metropolitan Hospital Center (M. Bamji), New York Medical College–Westchester County Medical Center (K. Li), North Central Bronx Hospital, North Shore University Hospital (G. Levine), Nyack Hospital (N. Neu), Queens Hospital Center (M. Schwartz), Saint Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center (S. Arpadi), Saint Peter's Family Health Center (K. Manjunath), Saint Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center of New York (S. Grubman), Saint Vincent's Medical Center of Richmond (D. Di John), Schneider Children's Hospital (S. Schuval), State University of New York Health Science Center at Stony Brook (S. Nachman), State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse (C. Cunningham), Staten Island University Hospital (R. Davison), Union Hospital of the Bronx (L. Lezcano), and Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center (S. Ledlie).Tap into groundbreaking research and clinically relevant insights
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008440.Tonwe-Gold B, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Amani-Bosse C, Toure S, Coffie PA, Rouet F, Becquet R, Leroy V, El-Sadr WM, Abrams EJ, Dabis F.PLoS Med. Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
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