Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Rajatarangini - Wikipedia The. Verse 15. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. Feature Flags: { Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. The summary is from J.C. Dutt's translation. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Answer. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. Verse 12. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. orders. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. An unpopular king, he was killed. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. All rights reserved. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Answer. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Verse 7. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Kalhana describes the rules of Toramana and, After the Huna, Meghavahana of the Gonandiya family was brought back from. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. Who translated Ramayana into Persian? | Indian History - Sawaal Sanskrit Literature in the Medieval India [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion He erected a monument at. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. Rajatarangini . The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. elsewhere. They cannot be abusive or personal. The Loharas ruled for many generations. Verse 13. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. } Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been Sussala's son. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Died young. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Verse 11. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. Manipulation in Dubbing: The Translation of English-language Films into Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. He was (I.191) the first of his race. It is the 25th most populated city in India, located on the banks of River Vaigai. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. It does not store any personal data. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. Total loading time: 0 Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Translate poyu ta from Persian to Tagalog - MyMemory Established the city of. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. the Kambojs Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. (I.191) He belonged to. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Who translated the Ramayan & Mahabharata into Persia? Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Nothing is known about his origin. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. university presses. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 0 0 Similar questions Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. Son of Partha. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore.
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